Women in film describes the role of women as film directors, actresses, cinematographers, film producers, film critics, and other film industry professions. The work of women film scholars, including feminist film theorists is also described. Women are statistically underrepresented in creative positions in the center of the US film industry, Hollywood. This under representation has been called the “celluloid ceiling”, a variant on the employment discrimination term “glass ceiling”. In 2013, the “…top-paid actors…made 2½ times as much money as the top-paid actresses.” “Older [male] actors make more than their female equals” in age, with “female movie stars makingthe most money on average per film at age 34, while male stars earn the most at 51.” In 2013, 9% of directors were women. A woman director won the Academy Award for Best Director for the first time when Kathryn Bigelow won for The Hurt Locker (2009).
